Saturday, February 27, 2010

Communication Systems 4: Written Discourse

Annyong Haseyo ~

For today’s seminar, we were taught about the different writing discourse from different cultures. Before today, I thought that the way of writing is universal and everybody would adopt similar way of writing style. However, I was wrong. The way of writing is still very much determined by the social and cultural values of the writer. Although I have gone through many years of formal education in Singapore where I was taught about structured writing manner, I still do not consider myself a good writer and often face the challenge of expressing myself in words.

This week’s Activity 2 on the comparison of an English and Chinese writing style is a good example of how writers from 2 different cultural backgrounds present their ideas in a written form. For text A, we may see how ideas are presented in a linear manner which allows the reader to understand the passage in a very straight-forward way. The presentation of the arguments is logical and direct to the point where the readers are able to grasp the gist of the passage easily.

On the other hand, text B’s presentation of the ideas were made in such a way that readers must decipher the meanings themselves. That is to say, the ideas are not as straightforward as text A where the readers may easily understand the meanings within the passage. In text B, readers are expected to pick up what the writer wish to bring across through the expression of ideas/arguments in descriptive forms.

In my opinion, I believe cultural values do play an important part in determining how people express themselves. For the Chinese people, we are often taught to be humble and respectful. As in the example of a Chinese-speaking student writing a letter to Royal Australia, the student first introduce himself/herself and later carried on to commend the programme before making any request and ended in a very polite way, feeling afraid that he/she might impose too much on the programme’s producer. However, an Australian student wrote in such a straight-forward way which, in my opinion, is kind of rude as he did not even bother to state his intention and think that the producer is obliged to send him what he requested.

Combining what I have said, I feel that we usually avoid direct confrontations and misunderstandings by using other subjects to express our true meanings. One logical reason for such a phenomenon would be in the past, people are taught not to speak ill of the Chinese government in public. Therefore, scholars and poets would express their resentments against the government through the use of descriptive poems which, to many people, may just sound like a piece of writing that speaks good about flowers, animals and the like. I also feel that it is killing two birds with one stone as not only the poet can avoid any unnecessary trouble with the government, he can also gather like-minded people for a greater purpose, e.g. overthrown of corrupted authority, as we can see from countless examples in China’s history.

Saturday, February 13, 2010

Communication Systems 3: Spoken Discourse

Moshi moshi ~?

For today’s post I would be discussing about spoken discourse. I feel that talking on the phone is sort of becoming a part of our daily life and no one would take much consideration about how one would start and end a call. However, from today’s seminar, we did find out that in different cultures, the way of opening and closing is very much in differences. As in the examples between American and Dutch phone openings, the Americans would identify the other party through voice recognition while the Dutch would self indentify themselves to the other party. This would be true in the early generation of phones but as technology keeps improving and with the use of value-added services like the Caller-Identification (Caller-ID), it would be as easy as A-B-C to indentify the other party by looking at the number displayed without any identification.

Next, I’m just wondering whether you guys ever received any calls from banks or insurance companies which kept calling you now and then to tell you to go to their place for a seminar on a new product or ask you to buy insurance or sign up a new credit card? If your answer is YES to any above, fret not! I have worked as a telesurveyor before and I knew how people reject such calls and I have actually come up with a few strategies to counter the banks and insurance companies.

Say Yong as SY
Bank/Insurance Companies as BIC

Strategy 1: Identify yourself as a Police Department

Phone ringing…
SY: [Picks up the phone and before I could say anything…]
BIC: Good morning! I’m calling from ABC bank and…
SY: [Before she could finish her sentences…] Hi good morning, this is Bedok Police Division, how can I help you?
BIC: Errrr…police department????
SY: Yes this is Bedok Police Division, how can I help you madam?
BIC: Are u sure…..errrr…
SY: Are you making a prank call madam? Do u know… [Want to tell her about the seriousness of making prank call]
BIC: That would be all. Byebye.
SY: [Can’t stop laughing]

SY 1 - 0 BIC

Strategy 2: Make the person your long lost friend

Phone ringing…
SY: Hello
BIC: Good Morning Mr Toh! I’m calling from DEF bank and…
SY: Wait! Are you John???
BIC: Errrr…no..actually i…
SY: Hey you are John right? How are you?! So long never hear from you already!
BIC: No Sir…actually I’m calling…
SY: Why didn’t you attend our last gathering??!
BIC: errr…I will call u back again…byebye.
SY: [Can’t stop laughing]

SY 2 - 0 BIC

Strategy 3: Be a bad customer

Phone ringing…
SY: Hello
BIC: Good Morning Mr Toh! I’m calling from DEF bank and…
SY: Who are you? How did you get my number?
BIC: oh actually we are…
SY: Is this a scam? I want to speak to your supervisior!
BIC: No no! Please hear me out…
SY: Not interested! [Hung up]

SY 3 – 0 BIC

Although some people may disagree with the methods highlighted above, but I am sure at some point in time, some of you may have even tried them before. But of course, you cannot use such strategies in all types of conversations or with anyone. As highlighted in the lecture, “contextual factors such as the degree of social distance between the participants” also played a significant role in the participants’ choice of responding. The above methods are commonly used on people you are unfamiliar with. On the other hand, if you are talking to someone who you are familiar with or another person of higher authority, you will certainly not use the above methods as they may seem to be overly random and sometimes too offensive.

Lastly, let me end this post by wishing Dr. Deng, Yiqiang, Jean, Zhifei, Guangyi, Andrea, Lim Hong, Joseph, Jonathan, Feizhen, Yong Ernn, Xianling, Kenneth, Lydia, Zhihan and James a very Happy Tiger Year ahead and, Hafiz, Nazrul, Priscilla and Sarah a happy holiday! :D

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Saturday, February 6, 2010

Communication Systems 2: Speech Events

Hello readers,

For today’s topic, we would be discussing on speech events. Speech events is rather interesting and insightful as it enables us to look at how speech is performed as part of a structured activity in various settings. Before this, it has never occurred to me that a simple speech act can be broken down into many other smaller components, and it’s not just 1,2 or 3 but 10 different components! It does sound quite puzzling and challenging at first as I do not see how and why people will take the trouble to decipher messages exchanged at a speech event. But after exploring further into the topic, it is actually quite interesting as I try to compare the similarities and differences across speech events in various settings. For example, if u compare a jocular key in wedding and a serious key in a funeral, no doubt the similarities between the two contrasting events would be starting off with a greeting, but what comes after would be totally different. For wedding, friends and relatives would express their congratulations while for the wedding, heartfelt condolences would be given.

Another example given in the notes under the Act Sequence for the study conducted at the Southern California marketplace. The speech event in this scenario was fairly straightforward and does not involve many stages of interactions between the vendor and the customer. The tone and mode of the conversation were very informal and basic manners were followed. This may be partly due to the fact that in the western culture, people are more mindful of their mannerism and will try to be as polite as possible no matter what the situation is.

To compare with the different culture settings, this time with the marketplace in the west, I would raise an example I have encountered in Hainan Island, China. I was on a vacation and once I was at this coconut plantation where they sells coconut product and to the exit would be a single way where all the tourists would have no choice but to walk along and take a look at their products. It would be inevitable that the potential buyer would want to browse around and take some time to consider whether they want to buy or not. However, for the seller, it seems to them that since u touch it, you must buy it! So I was just looking at a handmade souvenir and the seller keep enticing me to buy it but after I put down and shake my head with a smile, the seller was mumbling something like “Don’t want to buy then don’t touch and block my business”. Well, it seems that although the act of transaction is the same anywhere in the world, the process is very big in differences. In the west I have mentioned that they are more mindful about their manners and the policy of “Customers always right”, but this might not be the case in the east, the Asian cultures in goods transaction are relatively fast-paced as everyone would want to make full use of the time and maximize their profit, and providing services is not a priority to them.

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(This is a picture i took of the typical marketplace at Hainan Island, China)

For the example raised in the lecture notes on Japanese marriage proposal, the man would take silence for an answer but in my humble opinion, I wouldn’t think a Singaporean man would accept silence as a form or “Yes” but rather we would take it as a “No”, since we would think that the girl is in silence because she is still considering about settling down and on her mind now is thinking about how to reject the proposal! So it seems true that although the genre, topic, purpose etc. might be the same, but the rules of interaction and norms of interpretation might be totally different in different cultures. So ladies, if it’s a yes, open your mouth and say it, we are not mind readers :p

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Therefore, when we want to consider the rules for interaction for any speech events, we cannot simply judge the process or outcome of a speech event without taking into considerations the cultural traits or behaviour of a certain group of people from a culture different from ours. Hence, it is quite evident that some behavours may work in some cultures but are definitely not acceptable in others.